Potentially Toxic Metal Flux and Bioaccumulation Pathways in Buffaloes from Rural and Urban Agroecosystems: a Multi-Matrix Environmental Health Assessment
Ilker Ugulu, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Asma Ashfaq, Kausar Perveen, Kafeel Ahmad, Ijaz Rasool Noorka, Saqib Bashir · 2026
Read Potentially Toxic Metal Flux and Bioaccumulation Pathways in Buffaloes from Rural and Urban Agroecosystems: a Multi-Matrix Environmental Health Assessment by Ilker Ugulu, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Asma Ashfaq, Kausar Perveen, Kafeel Ahmad, Ijaz Rasool Noorka, Saqib Bashir (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13194274.txt.
Description
Toxic metals move from irrigation water into soil, fodder, and finally into buffalo milk that families drink, and dry regions face the worst buildup. Ilker Ugulu and co-authors traced that chain in this 2026 study in Punjab, Pakistan. Four metals were measured across water, soil, forage, milk, and hair from rural and urban herds.
Comparing village and city systems shows where the chain loads up most, since city herds drink and graze near more pollution sources. Hair and milk give a direct read of the animal body burden, not just the surroundings. Such whole-chain audits are rare, and they tell regulators which link to fix first rather than guessing. The work speaks to food safety across arid farming zones.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Ilker Ugulu, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Asma Ashfaq, Kausar Perveen, Kafeel Ahmad, Ijaz Rasool Noorka, Saqib Bashir |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 56 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |