Accounting for health expenditures, migration, and CO₂ emissions in the EU: a bidirectional analysis
Melissa N. Cagle, Yasin G. Gençer, Mahmut Ünsa Şaşmaz, Ahmet Özen · 2026
Read Accounting for health expenditures, migration, and CO₂ emissions in the EU: a bidirectional analysis by Melissa N. Cagle, Yasin G. Gençer, Mahmut Ünsa Şaşmaz, Ahmet Özen (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13190394.txt.
Description
Health spending, migration, and carbon emissions pull on each other in ways that single-link studies miss. Melissa Cagle and co-authors tested all three pairings at once in 2026 across the twenty-seven European Union states, using two decades of national data. Their method allows each country its own pattern while checking whether one series helps predict another.
Across the bloc as a whole, every pairing ran in both directions. Country pictures differed sharply: only Italy showed the full two-way link between emissions and migration, while three states showed no links at all. A backup model tied higher health spending to lower long-run emissions and migration to higher ones. The authors sort countries into four regime types and warn that union-wide averages hide national paths.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Melissa N. Cagle, Yasin G. Gençer, Mahmut Ünsa Şaşmaz, Ahmet Özen |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 111 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |