Revisiting the facial root exit zone in hemifacial spasm
Ken Matsushima, Toshio Matsushima, Marc Sindou · 2026
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Description
Ken Matsushima, Toshio Matsushima, and Marc Sindou reply to comments on their review of surgery for facial spasm. Their 2026 letter thanks two doctors for precise notes on anatomy. The surgery at issue frees a facial nerve from a pressing vessel. Their review traced how the surgery grew, using maps of anatomy and tools that track nerve signals.
The authors say their aim was not to reset the surgical target in detail. In early years, the zone where the nerve leaves the brainstem was not stressed in a uniform way. With time, surgeons saw it as a weak zone where central wrapping is thin. For the facial nerve, that zone needs care in defining. The letter clarifies how they used the term in a broad, historical sense.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Ken Matsushima, Toshio Matsushima, Marc Sindou |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 5 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |