Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Free and Bound Phenolics from Hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus) Leaves and their Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities
Esra Esin, Semra Topuz Türker, Mustafa Bayram, Cemal Kaya · 2026
Read Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Free and Bound Phenolics from Hawthorn (Crataegus azarolus) Leaves and their Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities by Esra Esin, Semra Topuz Türker, Mustafa Bayram, Cemal Kaya (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13179261.txt.
Description
Esra Esin and co-authors present a 2026 food science study on hawthorn leaves, an underused plant rich in phenolic compounds. Phenolics can act as antioxidants and may slow the enzymes that drive blood sugar spikes. The team asked how best to pull both free phenolics and those bound to the leaf tissue.
They used ultrasound-assisted extraction and tuned the settings with a standard design method. Under the best conditions, free phenolics reached about 79 milligrams per gram of dry leaf, while bound ones added about 14 more. The free fraction showed stronger antioxidant power in three lab tests. Both fractions slowed two key digestive enzymes in vitro. The leaves look promising as a source of functional food ingredients.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Esra Esin, Semra Topuz Türker, Mustafa Bayram, Cemal Kaya |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 40 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |