A 45.6 m NaCTFSI/NaFSI hybrid electrolyte for high-voltage aqueous sodium-ion batteries operable at subzero temperatures
Thileep Kumar Kumaresan, Kyunglim Pyo, Joon Seop Kwak, Woon-Bae Park, Hyeon Su No, Choi Yujin, Myoungho Pyo, Jung Yong Seo, Kee-Sun Sohn · 2026
Read A 45.6 m NaCTFSI/NaFSI hybrid electrolyte for high-voltage aqueous sodium-ion batteries operable at subzero temperatures by Thileep Kumar Kumaresan, Kyunglim Pyo, Joon Seop Kwak, Woon-Bae Park, Hyeon Su No, Choi Yujin, Myoungho Pyo, Jung Yong Seo, Kee-Sun Sohn (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13178543.txt.
Description
Nine battery researchers mix two salts to make a water-based sodium battery that works in the cold. Water-based cells are safe and cheap, but water breaks down at modest voltage, and the usual super-concentrated brines freeze near room temperature. One salt alone gave a wide safe voltage range yet crystallized when chilled. The blend solves both problems at once.
Together the salts reach the highest concentration yet reported for a sodium water-in-salt electrolyte. The liquid stays fluid down to minus twenty degrees and widens the safe window to 3.07 volts. One ingredient also shields the electrodes from corrosion by the other. Full cells built with the blend ran more than five hundred cycles across a broad temperature range and kept much of their capacity at minus twenty. The authors offer the recipe as a platform for safe batteries in harsh climates.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Thileep Kumar Kumaresan, Kyunglim Pyo, Joon Seop Kwak, Woon-Bae Park, Hyeon Su No, Choi Yujin, Myoungho Pyo, Jung Yong Seo, Kee-Sun Sohn |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 55 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |