VAPGAMO trial protocol: a cluster-randomised controlled evaluation of a digital game-based learning intervention to reduce adolescent vaping intention in Malaysian public secondary schools
Muhammad Zulhilmie Saruddin, Ahmad Zaid Fattah Azman, Rosliza Abdul Manaf, Farah Nadia Azman · 2026
Read VAPGAMO trial protocol: a cluster-randomised controlled evaluation of a digital game-based learning intervention to reduce adolescent vaping intention in Malaysian public secondary schools by Muhammad Zulhilmie Saruddin, Ahmad Zaid Fattah Azman, Rosliza Abdul Manaf, Farah Nadia Azman (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13084815.txt.
Description
Muhammad Zulhilmie Saruddin and three co-authors publish the protocol for a trial of a digital game meant to discourage teenage vaping, in this 2026 paper. Youth vaping is a worldwide health problem, and Malaysia's school students are among those targeted by the habit. The intervention, called VAPGAMO, is a single ninety-minute, teacher-led session built around a game grounded in a standard theory of how beliefs shape behavior.
Eight public secondary schools in the Klang district will be assigned by chance, whole schools at a time, to the game or to a comparison online game. Students answer surveys before, just after, and three months later. The main question is whether the game lowers the intention to vape at three months. The team will also track knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in refusing, plus how faithfully schools deliver the session and what it costs per student.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Muhammad Zulhilmie Saruddin, Ahmad Zaid Fattah Azman, Rosliza Abdul Manaf, Farah Nadia Azman |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2026 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 49 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |