Education Research: Linguistic Analysis of Racial and Gender Biases in Letters of Recommendation of Neurology Residency Applicants

Ameena Rana, Stefano Malerba, Vicki Lynn Shanker · 2026

Read Education Research: Linguistic Analysis of Racial and Gender Biases in Letters of Recommendation of Neurology Residency Applicants by Ameena Rana, Stefano Malerba, Vicki Lynn Shanker (2026) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-13082242.txt.

Description

Background and ObjectivesLetters of recommendation (LORs) are a key component of the residency selection process, particularly as objective metrics become less available. Previous studies across specialties have identified implicit gender and racial biases in narrative LORs (NLOR), potentially influencing perceptions of applicants. This study assessed whether such biases are present in NLORs for Neurology residency applicants.

Catalog record

CREATORAmeena Rana, Stefano Malerba, Vicki Lynn Shanker
YEAR2026
COLLECTIONPAPERS
FORMATTXT
FILE SIZE28 KB
VERSION1.0
LICENSECC BY 4.0
RIGHTSCC BY
SOURCEEurope PMC

Source: https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13082242

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