Relationship between water hardness, pH, and organic acid requirement for effective water acidification in swine operations
Maxwell L Corso, Julian Arroyave, Jason C Woodworth, Mike D Tokach, Robert D Goodband, Joel M DeRouchey, Jordan T Gebhardt, Ganga M Hettiarachchi · 2025
Read Relationship between water hardness, pH, and organic acid requirement for effective water acidification in swine operations by Maxwell L Corso, Julian Arroyave, Jason C Woodworth, Mike D Tokach, Robert D Goodband, Joel M DeRouchey, Jordan T Gebhardt, Ganga M Hettiarachchi (2025) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-12921448.txt.
Description
Pig farms acidify drinking water to protect gut health, but how much acid a source needs varies. The eight authors collected forty-five water samples from swine sites in six states. They titrated each sample with a citric acid product, to stable pH targets of five and four. Hardness ranged from 142 to 1,181 milligrams of calcium carbonate per liter. Starting pH ranged from seven point four two to eight point four seven.
The acid needed to reach pH four rose with hardness, calcium, and magnesium. Oddly, water starting at higher pH needed less acid. The authors suggest fewer free calcium ions remain in alkaline water. A second acid product tracked the first closely, so one acid's titration can predict another's. Titrating to pH five also predicts the dose for pH four. The authors advise titrating each source directly, since chemistry alone cannot fully predict the dose.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Maxwell L Corso, Julian Arroyave, Jason C Woodworth, Mike D Tokach, Robert D Goodband, Joel M DeRouchey, Jordan T Gebhardt, Ganga M Hettiarachchi |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2025 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 23 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |