The eye–mind connection: a systematic review of retinal biomarkers and ocular signatures in major psychiatric disorders
Raha Motamedi, Fatemeh Hayeri Mehrizi, Mohaddeseh Zeinali Ali Abadi, Mohamadreza Mohagheghi, Fatemeh Nourollahi Fomeshi, Seyyede Elahe Mousavikhah, Anis Ghaffarzadeh, Shayan Yaghmayee, Melika Arab Bafrani, Seyyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei, Daniel Shafiei, Mahsa Asadi Anar, Farbod khosravi, Sanam Faizabad · 2025
Read The eye–mind connection: a systematic review of retinal biomarkers and ocular signatures in major psychiatric disorders by Raha Motamedi, Fatemeh Hayeri Mehrizi, Mohaddeseh Zeinali Ali Abadi, Mohamadreza Mohagheghi, Fatemeh Nourollahi Fomeshi, Seyyede Elahe Mousavikhah, Anis Ghaffarzadeh, Shayan Yaghmayee, Melika Arab Bafrani, Seyyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei, Daniel Shafiei, Mahsa Asadi Anar, Farbod khosravi, Sanam Faizabad (2025) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-12849257.txt.
Description
The retina shares wiring and blood supply with the brain, so its wear may betray mental illness before other signs do. Raha Motamedi and co-authors gather the evidence in a 2025 review spanning schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and dementia. Seventeen studies passed their screen across four databases.
Most schizophrenia studies found thinning of the retina's nerve fiber layer, and most dementia studies found vessel changes or the same thinning. Mood disorders linked most often with glaucoma and dry eye, and a shared pattern of thinning plus tiny vessel loss emerged across diagnoses. The authors call for large forward-looking studies to test the eye as a window for screening.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Raha Motamedi, Fatemeh Hayeri Mehrizi, Mohaddeseh Zeinali Ali Abadi, Mohamadreza Mohagheghi, Fatemeh Nourollahi Fomeshi, Seyyede Elahe Mousavikhah, Anis Ghaffarzadeh, Shayan Yaghmayee, Melika Arab Bafrani, Seyyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei, Daniel Shafiei, Mahsa Asadi Anar, Farbod khosravi, Sanam Faizabad |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2025 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 84 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |