Epidemiological Association Between Long-Term Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Nimra Nabi, Rutbah Amin Khairati, Zaira Fatima, Umar Arif, Waleed Iqbal, Umair Abrar, Abdullah Tariq, Jahanzaib Awan, Muhammad Hammad Ul Haq, Mirza Muhammad Hadeed Khawar, Muneeb Khawar · 2025
Read Epidemiological Association Between Long-Term Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Nimra Nabi, Rutbah Amin Khairati, Zaira Fatima, Umar Arif, Waleed Iqbal, Umair Abrar, Abdullah Tariq, Jahanzaib Awan, Muhammad Hammad Ul Haq, Mirza Muhammad Hadeed Khawar, Muneeb Khawar (2025) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-12831939.txt.
Description
Nimra Nabi and colleagues pool the epidemiology on breathing fine particles for years and developing cardiovascular disease, in this meta-analysis from twenty twenty-five. Four studies survived their screening. Long-term exposure to PM2.5, the soot fraction that reaches deep lung and bloodstream, was tied to overall cardiovascular disease with a pooled hazard ratio of about one point two.
The finer outcomes were murkier. Cardiovascular death showed no association, and heart disease and stroke estimates pointed upward without reaching significance, all with wide intervals and heavy between-study disagreement. The authors read the pattern as supportive but unsettled, and use it to argue for stricter air quality standards and better integrated studies. Their candor about the thin evidence base, four studies for a global exposure, is itself a finding.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Nimra Nabi, Rutbah Amin Khairati, Zaira Fatima, Umar Arif, Waleed Iqbal, Umair Abrar, Abdullah Tariq, Jahanzaib Awan, Muhammad Hammad Ul Haq, Mirza Muhammad Hadeed Khawar, Muneeb Khawar |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2025 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 16 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |