Comparing the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for predicting outcomes in traumatic brain injury: a comparative study
Harsh Jain, Jishnu N. Nair, Davuluri Venkata Shashank, Visvanathan Krishnaswamy, Krishnamurthy Ganesh · 2025
Read Comparing the Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for predicting outcomes in traumatic brain injury: a comparative study by Harsh Jain, Jishnu N. Nair, Davuluri Venkata Shashank, Visvanathan Krishnaswamy, Krishnamurthy Ganesh (2025) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-12800527.txt.
Description
Jain and co-authors compare two coma scales for head injury care. The Glasgow Coma Scale is the standard tool in intensive care. The FOUR score adds checks the older scale lacks, such as brainstem signs. The team tracked 225 patients who lived past the first day. Both scores were taken on arrival, and outcomes were graded later.
Death occurred in 4.4 percent of patients, and 15.1 percent had a poor outcome. Both scales predicted outcomes well, with curve scores of 0.85 and 0.88. A FOUR score of 12 or less flagged poor outcomes with good accuracy. Low FOUR scores also linked to tube use, tracheostomy, and nerve deficits.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Harsh Jain, Jishnu N. Nair, Davuluri Venkata Shashank, Visvanathan Krishnaswamy, Krishnamurthy Ganesh |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2025 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 20 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |