Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial toothpastes on periodontal bacteria in orthodontic patients: A randomized controlled study
Joko Kusnoto, Michelle, Harryanto Wijaya, Budi Kusnoto · 2025
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Description
Joko Kusnoto and co-authors test three germ-fighting toothpastes on braces wearers in this 2025 paper. Fixed braces trap plaque and feed gum disease bacteria. Patients were randomly assigned a probiotic paste, a cetylpyridinium chloride paste, or an enzyme paste. Saliva was sampled before and after one month of use.
Levels of the two target bacteria fell in every group. Plaque scores, though, barely moved. No paste beat the others by a clear statistical margin. The authors say all three show promise for cutting periodontal pathogens during orthodontic treatment. They frame the pastes as preventive support, not a replacement for cleaning.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Joko Kusnoto, Michelle, Harryanto Wijaya, Budi Kusnoto |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2025 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 36 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |