Noninvasive Assessment of Testosterone Levels and Male Sexual Behavior in Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) as a Critical Step Toward Conservation in Captivity
Gholib Gholib, Dara Cut Rinjani, Muslim Akmal, Sri Wahyuni, Taufiq Purna Nugraha, Ponraj Perumal · 2025
Read Noninvasive Assessment of Testosterone Levels and Male Sexual Behavior in Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor) as a Critical Step Toward Conservation in Captivity by Gholib Gholib, Dara Cut Rinjani, Muslim Akmal, Sri Wahyuni, Taufiq Purna Nugraha, Ponraj Perumal (2025) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-12767400.txt.
Description
Gholib Gholib and co-authors read stag hormones from dung to aid deer breeding in this 2025 paper. Sambar deer are tropical, and their mating biology is little studied. Eight stags at an Indonesian zoo were watched across antler stages. Droppings gave testosterone readings without handling the animals.
Hormone levels ran high in both velvet and hard antler stages and fell at casting. Sexual behavior, though, peaked only with hard antlers. Sniffing, licking, and flehmen displays all tracked the hormone closely in that stage. High hormones during velvet, without mating behavior, hint at other jobs for testosterone then. The authors offer the method for managing captive herds.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Gholib Gholib, Dara Cut Rinjani, Muslim Akmal, Sri Wahyuni, Taufiq Purna Nugraha, Ponraj Perumal |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2025 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 36 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |