Continuous Relative Phase Angle and Variability: A Crossover Analysis of Duration and Surface Effects While Long‐Distance Running Over Treadmill and Over‐Ground Running
Zaheen Ahmed Iqbal, Indy Man Kit Ho, Daniel Hung-Kay Chow, Francesca Cordella · 2025
Read Continuous Relative Phase Angle and Variability: A Crossover Analysis of Duration and Surface Effects While Long‐Distance Running Over Treadmill and Over‐Ground Running by Zaheen Ahmed Iqbal, Indy Man Kit Ho, Daniel Hung-Kay Chow, Francesca Cordella (2025) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-12717854.txt.
Description
Zaheen Iqbal and colleagues track how runners' leg joints coordinate across a half-hour run, treadmill versus road, in this study from twenty twenty-five. Eleven healthy adults ran thirty-one minutes at their own pace on both surfaces, wearing inertial sensors. Coordination was read as continuous relative phase, the timing offsets between hip, knee, and ankle swings, plus its variability.
Across the whole stride, neither surface nor fatigue changed coordination much. Zooming into phases found the movement. Ankle-knee coupling tightened in the last five minutes during ground contact, and ankle-hip coupling rose late in the swing on both surfaces, with surface-specific interactions. Variability, by contrast, stayed flat everywhere. The authors conclude coordination patterns, not their consistency, absorb the demands of duration and surface, a distinction gait analysts should respect.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Zaheen Ahmed Iqbal, Indy Man Kit Ho, Daniel Hung-Kay Chow, Francesca Cordella |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2025 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 28 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |