Dietary Betaine Improves Immune Function, Antioxidant Status, Immune‐Related Signaling Molecules, and Disease Resistance in Fish Species
Morteza Yousefi, Taravat Molayemraftar, Seyyed Morteza Hoseini, Hamed Ghafarifarsani · 2025
Read Dietary Betaine Improves Immune Function, Antioxidant Status, Immune‐Related Signaling Molecules, and Disease Resistance in Fish Species by Morteza Yousefi, Taravat Molayemraftar, Seyyed Morteza Hoseini, Hamed Ghafarifarsani (2025) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-12714103.txt.
Description
Morteza Yousefi and co-authors review how dietary betaine improves immune function and disease resistance in farmed fish, published in 2025. Plant-derived additives draw interest in aquaculture as natural stand-ins for synthetic chemicals and antibiotics. Betaine, known for roles in osmotic balance and metabolism, has become a favored supplement.
Beyond supporting growth and feed use, betaine strengthens the innate defenses of fish. It raises the activity of immune cells such as macrophages, tunes the production of signaling molecules, and calms inflammation. Its antioxidant action cuts oxidative stress and supports immune signaling, helping fish stay defended even in stressful settings. The review gathers evidence across fish species on immune markers, antioxidant status, and survival against disease, and weighs betaine as a practical tool for healthier aquaculture.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Morteza Yousefi, Taravat Molayemraftar, Seyyed Morteza Hoseini, Hamed Ghafarifarsani |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2025 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 47 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |