Parents’ roles in young learners’ motivation and task engagement in Indonesian primary schools: Questionnaire development and validation
Mai Sri Lena, Marianne Nikolov, Ümit Ünsal Kaya, Pawel Larionow, Panaoura Rita · 2025
Read Parents’ roles in young learners’ motivation and task engagement in Indonesian primary schools: Questionnaire development and validation by Mai Sri Lena, Marianne Nikolov, Ümit Ünsal Kaya, Pawel Larionow, Panaoura Rita (2025) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-12669978.txt.
Description
Mai Sri Lena and colleagues built and validated a questionnaire about how parents support young children learning English in Indonesian primary schools. Parental help shapes motivation and effort, but no trusted local tool measured the roles parents play. Writing in twenty twenty-five, the team drafted items from the literature and expert feedback, then surveyed parents of fifth graders at public and private schools in Padang. Statistical factor methods were used to test whether the items grouped sensibly and measured steadily.
Five dimensions emerged: general involvement, expectations, access to resources, enrichment, and out-of-school activities. A confirmatory analysis fit the five-part model well, and reliability scores passed standard cutoffs. The authors offer the questionnaire as a diagnostic tool for schools and researchers who want to understand and strengthen home support for language learning.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Mai Sri Lena, Marianne Nikolov, Ümit Ünsal Kaya, Pawel Larionow, Panaoura Rita |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2025 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 59 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |