Younger Age of First Exposure to American Football is Associated with Worse Informant‐Reported Clinical Outcomes in Older Age
Sophia Nosek, Stephanie Gonzalez Gil, Christopher J. Nowinski, Yorghos Tripodis, Brett Martin, Joseph N. Palmisano, Robert C. Cantu, Robert A. Stern, Bertrand Russell Huber, Thor D. Stein, Ann C. McKee, Jesse Mez, Michael L. Alosco, Daniel H. Daneshvar · 2025
Read Younger Age of First Exposure to American Football is Associated with Worse Informant‐Reported Clinical Outcomes in Older Age by Sophia Nosek, Stephanie Gonzalez Gil, Christopher J. Nowinski, Yorghos Tripodis, Brett Martin, Joseph N. Palmisano, Robert C. Cantu, Robert A. Stern, Bertrand Russell Huber, Thor D. Stein, Ann C. McKee, Jesse Mez, Michael L. Alosco, Daniel H. Daneshvar (2025) in the Tower of Babel, a free online library of public-domain works preserved in clean, searchable text. No sign-up. The full text is served as a plain-text file at a predictable URL, where text is present: https://antarctic-labs.com/tower-of-babel/pmc-11710769.txt.
Description
Sophia Nosek and a large team of co-authors link starting American football young to worse late-life outcomes reported by family, in a 2025 study. Repeated head hits tie to a brain disease called CTE, yet symptom paths vary much. Brains of 677 late players were donated to a brain bank. Kin filled scales on thinking, daily function, mood, and behavior control.
Start age did not track with CTE itself. Among donors over sixty, though, younger starts tied to worse scores across the scales. No such ties showed under sixty. Brain tau load and age were steady drivers in both bands. The authors read young starts as cutting resilience to later brain harm.
Catalog record
| CREATOR | Sophia Nosek, Stephanie Gonzalez Gil, Christopher J. Nowinski, Yorghos Tripodis, Brett Martin, Joseph N. Palmisano, Robert C. Cantu, Robert A. Stern, Bertrand Russell Huber, Thor D. Stein, Ann C. McKee, Jesse Mez, Michael L. Alosco, Daniel H. Daneshvar |
|---|---|
| YEAR | 2025 |
| COLLECTION | PAPERS |
| FORMAT | TXT |
| FILE SIZE | 3 KB |
| VERSION | 1.0 |
| LICENSE | CC BY 4.0 |
| RIGHTS | CC BY |
| SOURCE | Europe PMC |